Scotland’s Fintech: A Tale of Two Cities or Two Towers? Part 2
“The old world will burn in the fires of industry. The forests will fall. A new order will rise. We will drive the machine of war with the sword and the spear and the iron fist”
JR Tolkien, The Two Towers, Lord of the Rings
Scotland’s Finance is enjoying a renaissance, a digital economy, should then history dictate tomorrow’s Fintech? In re-imagining Edinburgh versus London, the Two Towers, can Scotland compete as a viable alternative hub on grounds other than simply cost? In this Part 2, of the article, we explore the UK hub economy as it exists, versus regional ecosystems outside of London and the role education has to play? This then is no history lesson..
Old paradigms, new challenges
Our focus for Fintech naturally gravitates towards Edinburgh and its historical ties with London (‘the City’)? London and Edinburgh make a fine pair, Tolkien’s Minas Morgul and Orthanc, his ‘Two Towers’. Indeed Edinburgh has served its London master well as an affordable outsourcing location and profited from it. In Part 1 we highlighted the operational leverage of outsourcing jobs from London to Edinburgh.
Whilst cheap has always been attractive; lower paid roles can become quickly commoditised. The first indication of the danger was global-sourcing to the likes of India. Here executives were exploring new lower cost locations. Just as our industry was coming to terms with globalisation it got hit by the Great Financial Crisis. The sense of being ‘at the brink’ changed the long term strategies of many boards and many roles have been targeted by Digitalisation sooner. If you hear ‘agile working’ at work then buckle up.
Unsurprisingly decision-makers and executives tend to be a little shy when it comes to their own synthesis. That will come later. The near-term problem is when those attractively valued skills become superfluous to automation. Fewer roles become a negative feedback leading to emigration, fewer graduate roles, resulting in brain drain, making the country less attractive to investment.
The fintech opportunity
Is then Fintech threat or opportunity? It is a question I am sure that my friend Professor Chris Sier asked himself when he became a champion for the ‘Northern PowerHouse’ and establishment of its Fintech hub (‘Fintech North’). The reality is that over the last 50 years the UK has moved from manufacturing to a service-based economy and with it the North of England lost its economic leverage in the investment and political apparatus within UK Plc.
Meanwhile Scotland (specifically Edinburgh) benefitted from that industry rotation just as the North, Birmingham and other parts of Scotland suffered. Why? Today UK Plc, unlike say Germany, operates a single hub economy that has gravitated wealth and investment around London, the South of England and Edinburgh. London, itself as a global city, a metropolis of both finance, commerce and politics. It enjoys the multiplier effect that stems from such agglomeration, greater GDP per capita and tax receipts, just as other parts of the UK suffer flat or falling GDP, wage disinflation and stagnant productivity.
Technology then can be THE great enabler, a means to rebalance the economic hot spots of the UK. However it is vulnerable to policy error, inward and external investment naturally gravitating towards London, as new Technology companies seek to target Finance firms from Old Street across to Finsbury Square and into the heart of EC2 and Threadneedle. In doing so they set up shop close by.
Dickens or Tolkien?
The sheer gravity of London cannot be underestimated and it leaves the other centres vying for the scraps. How then should Edinburgh and Scotland respond? Coordination. Either Scotland (Edinburgh) seeks to pursue Dickens’ ‘tale of two cities’, competing directly and openly with London, or are we left in a somewhat Tolkien-esque ‘the Two Towers’ scenario, un-separable and subservient? Do we continue to operate as a satellite of the UK capital or increasingly compete for innovation and inward and external investment? This is the key question I pose to Fintech Scotland, under the stewardship of my friend and ex colleague Stephen Ingledew.
After all, Edinburgh (as the de facto main financial centre of Scotland) has effectively defined itself as much by its relationship to the City of London as it has through its own trading status. This link has been further reinforced as US banks set up front office operations in London and back office in Scotland, extending the tendrils between the two. Yet that relationship looks far less secure in a digitalised world for two reasons.
Firstly traditional Finance is in long-run demise and disintermediation, with it relationships between firms are changing from partner to competitor, as the value chain compresses. In the race for operational supremacy, insourcing becomes outsourcing in a ‘capital lite’ world as employees are unceremoniously morphed into the Gig economy. You just need to count full time employees (FTE) v contractor heads in any of today’s big Finance firms to smell the coffee.
Secondly the requirement for affordable moderately skilled administrative staff, as an outsource centre for London, will become less attractive. Workforces in traditional roles will reduce simply as an effect of Digitalisation. We need only examine the realities of the once Scottish Insurance and Banking leviathans; now ostensibly under the control of firms South of the border or overseas. Workforces are rarely preserved on grounds of nostalgia or political intervention. Competitiveness, tax breaks, public-private partnership and or some other economic or political incentives are needed.
London, "the precious"?
The shifting political landscape, North-South divide, rise of Labour populism and Brexit paranoia appears to have drawn out a more inclusive tone in the Government’s latest strategy thinking.
“It is also a strategy that recognises and respects the devolution settlements of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. With many of the policies that can drive productivity being devolved, it
is a strategy that necessarily brings our work together with that of the devolved administrations as we work in partnership to get the best possible outcome for every part of the UK.”
IS the One-Britain-One-Fintech a dangerous game to play?
Outwardly it is clear the UK Government is battling hard to maintain its balance (see chart) of foreign inward investment post Brexit. Inwardly it seeks to appease the industry outside of London that it is doing all that it can to build better commute links back into the Capital. This policy is not about evenly spreading investment but enhancing the City’s global standing as a hub, which the Conservatives still laud since the ‘Big Bang’.
Why Edinburgh shouldn't be the new London
The challenge then for Scotland is to compete but also to not replicate the single-hub flaw of the UK model. We should invest and promote Fintech across Scotland’s centres not simply hub its focus around Edinburgh. It is very attractive to run your winners but we need to think about the shape of Scotland’s economy in 25 years from now, not just the next 5 years. Fintech like other modern industries should be an opportunity to replace the old primary and secondary industries lost over the last 50 years, the main driver of unemployment, low wage growth, migration and low productivity in the regions.
Our close neighbours at ‘Fintech North’ are well aware of the challenge. As Chris Sier noted: “There is a deep vein of skills, resources and opportunity in the Northern Powerhouse, but for its potential to be realised it is important that we build a strong FinTech community, which means the public and private sectors coming together and enlisting the support of key stakeholders such as our universities.. Over the last year there have been many positive developments in building the FinTech economy in the UK outside of London, including the FCA’s regional sandbox, the impending launch of Nexus at Leeds University and a number of other initiatives. Events like FinTech North help build the regional FinTech community, and supporting them is therefore very important to grow the regional and national FinTech economy.”
It is important then to have a consistent voice in London and overseas. Fintech Scotland, Scottish Financial Enterprise and Scottish Development International (SDI) can provide this, a voice that represents the Scottish Fintech industry as a whole. Outwardly we should seek to partner firms in London while competing where possible for; investment, for students, for intellectual and entrepreneurial capital. After all to create a self-sustaining Fintech ecosystem requires; initial capital + intellectual capital + workforce + start up ventures + ongoing external investment. Just as Chris Sier realised, inwardly we need to encourage competition but also collegiate working across the different Fintech hubs and incubators in Scotland; Edinburgh, Glasgow, Dundee, Aberdeen, Stirling and others.
New paradigms, new opportunities
Whilst history in Finance carries little utility anymore; Scotland can still leverage its rich and long pedigree of learning and quality tertiary centres to bridge the old economy to the new. For example if we look at the current Fintech courses available in Scotland today then we can see they are distributed across the major centres not just Edinburgh. A quick google search of UK Fintech courses lists the new prestigious Oxford and Imperial courses as the top results.
However it was the University of Strathclyde that offered the first Fintech Masters course in the UK, Stirling followed shortly after with its new Masters course ready for the 2018 intake. Meanwhile Edinburgh University, in the now classical Oxbridge model, created ‘Fintech Innovations’ and, in conjunction with the Scottish Government and private sector, to form Fintech Scotland.
The locality is understandable but the focus must extend far beyond auld reekie and just one university. . We should remember that our own Universities are in direct competition for research, overseas students and, within their own walls, competition between faculties for funding exists. We need to short-circuit these frictional fiefdoms. In learning Finance and Fintech will become interchangeable.
The mission of Fintech Scotland is “FinTech Scotland aims to promote sustainable economic growth through innovation, collaboration and inclusion.” It is the last word that is so critical. I was encouraged by Stephen’s first update as CEO, which promises an inclusive approach to embrace collegiate investment and partnerships and meetings both in and outside of Edinburgh.
So step forth Fintech Scotland. My advice to Stephen Ingledew is to be bold when competing with London but to not repeat the mistake of London. After all we are only five million people and geographically and digitally just next door to one another. Put another way we number significantly less than the London metropolis. Our infrastructure links (bar the far North and South) are far more able to support our population than the road-jammed, high-rise, tube squeezed malaise of London.
Let us create a sustainable, multi-centre, ecosystem to share Fintech skills, build synergies, foster accessible learning and opportunities both inside and outside of the University system. In doing so Scotland galvanises itself as a centre of technological advancement on the global stage, to attract students and investors and from that catalyse start-up hubs around those centres. A nice example could be linking Strathclyde University with Stirling University courses, cross-over projects between Finance and Fintech syllabus and tapping into the gaming industry in Dundee.
The idea of exploring Gamification in Fintech would be pretty obvious in California yet not here. Strange. By building creative and collegiate links, between learning centres, Scottish Fintech becomes a vibrant multi-hub success, fully leveraging the talents across Scotland and not localised around one centre. Otherwise we risk Fintech becoming little more than a defensive strategy to protect the current industry rather than something altogether more ambitious and progressive. Recall I posed whether Scotland’s Fintech should resemble ‘Two Towers’ or ‘Two Cities’? What would Dickens think; what indeed would Gandalf the Grey?
The future of Scottish Fintech is neither. It is something new, not something set in the past. Stephen has the most amazing and challenging role ahead of him to achieve that.
